JORR
Journal of Orthopedics Research and Rehabilitation

The Journal of Orthopedics Research and Rehabilitation welcomes scholarly papers in orthopaedic surgery, physical therapy and rehabilitation, physiotherapy, neurology and clinic anesthesiology and reanimation.

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Original Article
An investigation of the relationship between quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscle strength and balance in individuals with pes planus
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship between quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscle strength and balance in individuals with pes planus.
Methods: The study was conducted with 64 participants with pes planus, including 48 female and 16 male. Individuals were identified using the navicular drop test and the Feiss line test. Based on the Feiss line test results 29 of the participants had grade 2, 24 of participants had grade1 and 11 of participants had grade 3 pes planus. Muscle strength was assessed using the Lafayette Manual Muscle Tester. Balance measurements were performed using the Biodex Balance System under three different conditions: double-leg stance with eyes closed, single-leg stance on the pes planus side with eyes open, and single-leg stance on the pes planus side with eyes closed. In these measurements, we examined the Anteroposterior Index (APSI), Mediolateral Index (MLSI) and Overall Stability Index (OSI). The Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between variables.
Results: In the single-leg stance with eyes closed the OSI, APSI and MLSI were recorded as 2.39±1.18, API 1.87±1.10 and 1.10±0.64 respectively. A weak, statistically significant positive correlation was found between the MLSI values obtained during single-leg stance with eyes closed and quadriceps femoris muscle strength (rho=0.270, p=0.031). A weak, statistically significant positive correlation was also found between the MLSI value obtained under the same single-leg, eyes-closed condition and hamstring muscle strength (rho=0.293, p=0.019). In the double-leg stance with eyes closed, OSI, APSI, and MLSI were determined to be 0.98±0.53, 0.83±0.49 and 0.38±0.26, respectively. In the single-leg stance with eyes open, the OSI, APSI, and MLSI were found to be 0.79±0.56, API 0.54±0.44 and 0.42±0.35, respectively. No statistically significant relationship was found between quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscle strength with OSI (p>0.05) and with APSI (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that, in balance measurements performed in individuals with pes planus, only the MLSI showed weak positive correlation with quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscle strength. OSI and APSI values were independent of muscle strength. These findings suggest that dynamic balance performance, particulary in terms of mediolateral stability, may vary depending on task difficulty and visual input in individuals with pes planus.

Keywords : Pes planus, quadriceps femoris, hamstring, balance

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Article available in :
Volume 4, Issue 3, 2026
Page : 54-59
https://doi.org/10.51271/JORR-0073
Article Information
Received : 19 Haz 2026
Accepted : 29 Tem 2026
Published : 31 Tem 2026
Corresponding Author :

İmge Yeşilbağ: Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara

[email protected]
Citation : Yeşilbağ İ, Çitaker S. An investigation of the relationship between quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscle strength and balance in individuals with pes planus. J Orthop Res Rehabil. 2026;4(3):54-59. doi:10.51271/JORR-0073

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